The Environmental Journal of Southern Appalachia
Wednesday, 10 January 2024 17:03

Like clockwork, it’s time to scope Sandhill cranes in East Tennessee

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cranes sandhill 5During winter migration, visitors to Hiwassee Wildlife Refuge can view thousands of greater sandhill cranes.  Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency via Appalachian Voices

Sandhill Crane Festival at Hiwassee Refuge set for Jan. 12-14 in celebration of the crane’s revival and survival

BIRCHWOOD — As many as 12,000 cranes have overwintered at the confluence of the Tennessee and Hiwassee rivers. Whether you’re an avid birder or you’ve never seen a Sandhill crane before, the Tennessee Sandhill Crane Festival represents an extraordinary opportunity to witness a truly unforgettable natural phenomenon.

Experience the migration of the Sandhill cranes and many other waterfowl, eagles, white pelicans and whooping cranes. The entire region buzzes with birds and birdwatchers alike.

The festival will be held from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. Jan. 12 – 14. Free buses run the short distance from the Birchwood Community Center to the Hiwassee Refuge and Cherokee Removal Memorial. Volunteers are set up at each location for birders and curious visitors alike.


The 2024 festival will feature a new event sponsored by Meigs County Chamber of Commerce and Tourism as Brian Fox Ellis will present “Crane Tales” at an Adventures with Audubon Friday night dinner and at a festival booth on Saturday and Sunday.

Learn about the rich lore of these amazing birds through poetry and song, facts and legends through Ellis’ Crane Tales as he describes the mystical Japanese Crain Maiden to the true stories of the whooping cranes’ recovery, from the Cherokee story of Crane and Hummingbird to the Paleolithic fossils of Platte River crane migrations. 

The Cherokee Memorial will host Native American folklorists and crafts throughout the weekend to celebrate its thriving rich tradition and culture. 

Tennessee Sandhill cranes

With a population exceeding 1 million, Sandhill cranes are the most numerous and wide-ranging of all crane species. A large proportion of the Eastern population migrate through and winter in portions of Tennessee and are considered the world’s second-largest Sandhill crane population. Tennessee has wintered an average of over 29,000 cranes over the last five years. An estimated minimum 89,000 of the species in the eastern population pass through and winter in Tennessee.

Two areas serve as primary migration and wintering areas including the Hiwassee Wildlife Refuge where thousands can be seen at one time. Hop-in Refuge and surrounding lands near the Reelfoot Lake in west Tennessee attract several thousand Sandhill cranes as well. Smaller groups of cranes can be seen scattered across the Tennessee landscape.

This species was nearly decimated in the east by breeding habitat loss and overhunting in the 1800s and is now making a comeback. Populations have increased over the last 60 years and more than 20,000 cranes may be found in the Hiwassee River area of southeastern Tennessee in winter. The only historical observation of Sandhill Cranes during the winter in Tennessee is from an observation reported by John James Audubon in November 1820 of a large flock of cranes in the vicinity of the Shelby/Tipton County line. 

Standing over 4 feet tall and with a wingspan stretching more than 6 feet makes the Sandhill Crane one of the largest birds found in Tennessee.

In spring and fall Sandhill Cranes migrate through the state using a corridor roughly centered in Pickett and Clay Counties and running toward Bradley and Monroe counties. Wintering populations can be found at the Hiwassee Refuge in Meigs County, and Hop-in Refuge in Obion County.

Their habit of congregating near the Watchable Wildlife viewing platform at the Hiwassee Refuge from mid-October through February (sometimes into March) provides Tennesseans with one of the most spectacular wildlife watching opportunities in the state.

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Last modified on Tuesday, 16 January 2024 01:16